Shark Week
From Unofficial Handbook of the Virtue Universe
Origins.
In late 19th century America, legal interest rates made small loans unprofitable, and small-time lending was frowned upon by society, as a borrower of small loans was seen as an irresponsible person who could not manage a budget. Banks and other major financial institutions thus stayed away from small-time lending. There were, however, plenty of small lenders offering loans at profitable but illegally high interest rates. They presented themselves as legitimate and operated openly out of offices. They only sought customers whom they felt were good risks: a steady and respectable job (a regular income and a reputation to protect), married (unlikely to flee town), and legitimate motives for borrowing. Gamblers, criminals and other disreputable, unreliable types were avoided. They made the borrower fill out and sign seemingly legitimate contracts. Though these contracts were not legally enforceable, they at least were proof of the loan, which the lender could use to blackmail a defaulter.
To coax a defaulter into paying up, the lender might threaten legal action. This was a bluff, since the loan was illegal; the lender preyed on the borrower's ignorance of the law. Alternatively, the lender resorted to public shaming, such as complaining to the borrower's employer, who disdained indebted employees and often fired them, or shouting demands outside the borrower's home. Whether out of gullibility or a desire to protect his reputation, the borrower usually succumbed and paid up.
Many customers were employees of large firms, such as railways or public works. Larger organizations were more likely to fire employees for being in debt as their rules were more impersonal, which gave the loan shark a powerful form of blackmail. It was easy for lenders to learn which large organizations did this rather than collecting information on the multitude of smaller firms. Larger firms had more job security and the greater possibility of promotion, so employees sacrificed more to ensure they were not fired. The loan shark could also bribe a large firm's paymaster to provide information on its many employees. Regular salaries and paydays made negotiating repayment plans simpler.[1]
The size of the loan and the repayment plan were often tailored to suit the borrower's means. The smaller the loan, the higher the interest rate was, as the costs of tracking and pursuing a defaulter was the same whatever the size of the loan. The attitudes of lenders to defaulters also varied: some were lenient and reasonable, readily granting extensions and slow to harass, whilst others unscrupulously tried to milk all they could from the borrower (eg imposing late fees).